Undoing the ISAAA Myths on GM Crops

Media Briefing by GM Freeze and Friends of the Earth Europe

11 February 2009

This afternoon, the industry-sponsored International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications (ISAAA) group launches its annual report on genetically modified crops around the world. As usual, the report aims to show GM crops in a positive light through inflated and massaged figures.

Pete Riley, Director of the UK's GM Freeze said: "Once again ISAAA have massaged the data on GM crops to making a struggling industry look impressive. The vast majority of hundreds of millions farmers in the world use conventional seeds to produce food and this is where we need
to concentrate research rather than on a technology that has delivered very little."

Helen Holder, GMO campaign coordinator at Friends of the Earth Europe said: "A tiny proportion of farmers in the world are growing GM crops on a very small fraction of the world's agricultural land. The biotech industry is inflating the figures in an attempt to convince the media and politicians that GM crops are a success. The latest industry figures for Europe are highly unreliable which indicates that this is probably the case for other regions as well."

Below, (see also www.gmfreeze.org/page.asp?id=365&iType=1079 and
www.foeeurope.org/GMOs/position_papers/ISAAA_media_briefing.pdf ) GM Freeze and Friends of the Earth Europe respond to some of the ISAAA statements in this year's report "Brief 39, Global Status of Commercialized Biotech/GM Crops: 2008, Clive James, ISAAA".


1. GM crops are grown by very few farmers
ISAAA says: "Number of biotech crop farmers increased by 1.3 million in 2008, reaching 13.3 million globally in 25 countries – notably 90%, or 12.3 million were small and resource-poor farmers in developing countries." (page xiv executive summary)

Even assuming that the ISAAA numbers are reliable, the UN's International Fund for Agricultural Development estimates that there are 450 million small and medium sized farmers in the world
(www.twnside.org.sg/title2/susagri/susagri068.htm).

The International Labour Organisation (ILO) has estimated the number of farm workers to be 1.3 billion worldwide. [1] The 13.3 million farmers that the ISAAA claims are growing GM crops would therefore only account for about 1%.

So GM crops are grown by a tiny 2.7% of small or medium scale farmers worldwide, at the most, and less than 1% of farmers globally.


2. 2008: Few countries, little land
ISAAA says: "Number of countries planting biotech crops soars to 25 – a historical milestone." (page IX executive summary)

In 2008, two new countries grew GM crops compared to 2007. The 2.4% of global agricultural land under GM crop cultivation in 2007 has risen 0.2% to 2.6%. Calling this an "historical milestone" is a little overstated to say the least.


3. Inflated figures for the EU, massaged figures globally

3.1 ISAAA says: "All seven EU countries increased their Bt maize hectarage in 2008, resulting in an overall increase of 21% to reach over 100,000 hectares." (page xvii, executive summary)

The ISAAA has inflated the figures by almost a quarter and has claimed that GM crop cultivation in the EU in 2008 showed "a 21% increase over 2007" [2] when in fact there has been a 2% DECREASE. The group erased the latest country to have banned growing GM crops – France – from its calculations. By doing this, it could mask the real figures and claim an increase for 2008. [3]

3.2 ISAAA says: "Global hectarage of biotech crops continued its strong growth in 2008 for the thirteenth consecutive year – a 9.4%, or 10.7 million hectare increase, reaching 125 million hectares, or more precisely, 166 million 'trait hectares', equivalent to a 15% growth or a 22 million 'trait hectare' increase." (page v and xi executive summary)

In order to make the area under GM crop cultivation sound better than it is, the ISAAA is reporting a 33% greater increase than is actually the case. The industry-sponsored group does this by multiplying the actual surface area by the number of GM traits in the crops. So, for a field of one hectare growing a GM crop which is tolerant to two herbicides and secretes insecticide toxin (three traits) suddenly becomes three fields, and ISAAA therefore triples its figures for the area under GM crop cultivation.

This is a rather desperate and nonsensical approach to try and make the industry appear more successful.

Three countries that the ISAAA are likely to emphasize are India, China and South Africa as these represent developing countries where GM crops are grown. The table below calculates the percentage of agricultural land in each country that GM crops actually represent:

Country Agricultutal Land Million ha GM crop land Million ha % GM
India 180.18 7.6 4.2
China 554.851 3.8 0.7
South Africa 99.6400 1.8 1.8


4. Who are ISAAA?
ISAAA claims [4] "to contribute to poverty alleviation, by increasing crop productivity and income generation, particularly for resource-poor farmers, and to bring about a safer environment and more sustainable agricultural development". A glance at their financial supporters – all major biotech corporations including Monsanto, Bayer, Syngenta and Du Pont - suggests that the interests of private sector links in the North are at the heart of ISAAA's activities.

The sources of data used in the global status report are unclear. For instance, the on-line PowerPoint presentation of the 2007 Global Status Report cites the source as "Clive James 2007" [CJ is the director of ISAAA]. Aside from the US, very few governments record the area of GM and non-GM crops separately, so data are collected per crop, ie maize areas include GM and non-GM crops. Thus ISAAA must generally rely on industry data for seed sales to calculate how many hectares were planted. China poses more difficult problems because the seeds come from several public institutions. [5]

*****

For more information, please contact:

Pete Riley, GM Freeze UK
Tel: +44 845 217 8992 or +44 7903 341 065 (UK mobile)

Helen Holder, Coordinator of the Friends of the Earth Europe GMOs campaign
Tel: +32 2542 6182 and +32 474 857638 (Belgian mobile)

*****

NOTES

[1] See www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/strat/wer2004.htm

[2] See www.europabio.org/articles/GBE/EuropaBio%20Press%20Release%20cultivation%20figures%202008_290908.pdf

[3] France banned the one GMO authorised for cultivation in the EU, Monsanto's MON 810, in 2008 on environmental and health grounds, as allowed under EU law. Until it joined the EU in 2004, Romania grew GM soy that is not authorised in the EU. Therefore on joining the EU it stopped growing GM soy.

[4] See www.isaaa.org/inbrief/default.html

[5] See www.gmfreeze.org/uploads/ISAAA_Q&A_2009.pdf

Genetically Modified Crops Feed Biotech Giants,

Not the Poor

Biotech Companies Exploit Food Crisis by Raising GM Seed and Pesticide Prices, Record Profits Projected

Biotech Propaganda Distracts Attention from Real Solutions for Small Farmers

Washington D.C., February 11, 2009 – A new report released today by the Center for Food Safety and Friends of the Earth International warned that genetically modified (GM) crops are benefiting biotech food giants instead of the world's hungry population, which is projected to increase to 1.2 billion by the year 2025 due to the global food crisis.

The report explains how biotech firms like Monsanto are exploiting the dramatic rise in world grain prices that are responsible for the global food crisis by sharply increasing the prices of GM seeds and chemicals they sell to farmers, even as hundreds of millions go hungry.

The findings of the report support a comprehensive United Nations' assessment of world agriculture – the International Assessment of Agricultural Knowledge, Science and Technology for Development (IAASTD) – which in 2008 concluded that GM crops have little potential to alleviate poverty and hunger in the world. IAASTD experts recommended instead low-cost, low-input agroecological farming methods.

"GM crops are all about feeding the biotech giants, not the world's poor," said Nnimmo Bassey, executive director of Friends of the Earth Nigeria and chair of Friends of the Earth International.

"GM seeds and the pesticides used with them are much too expensive for Africa's small farmers. Those who promote this technology in developing countries are completely out of touch with reality," he added.

"U.S. farmers are facing dramatic increases in the price of GM seeds and the chemicals used with them," said Bill Freese, science policy analyst at the US-based Center for Food Safety and co-author of the report. "Farmers in any developing country that welcomes Monsanto and other biotech companies can expect the same fate – sharply rising seed and pesticide costs, and a radical decline in the availability of conventional seeds," he added.

GM seeds cost from two to over four times as much as conventional, non-GM seeds, and the price disparity is increasing. From 80% to over 90% of the soybean, corn and cotton seeds planted in the U.S. are GM varieties. Thanks to GM trait fee increases, average U.S. seed prices for these crops have risen by over 50% in just the past two to three years.

Exploitation of the food crisis has been extremely profitable for Monsanto, by far the dominant player in GM seeds. Goldman Sachs recently projected that Monsanto's net income (after taxes) would triple from $984 million to $2.96 billion from 2007 to 2010.

The exorbitant cost of GM seeds is not the only problem. The vast majority of GM crops are not grown by or destined for the world's poor, but instead are soybeans and corn used to feed animals, generate biofuels, or produce highly processed food products consumed mostly in rich countries.

The report documents that nearly 90% of the global area planted GM crops in 2008 was found in just 6 countries with highly industrialized, export-oriented agricultural sectors in North and South America, with the U.S., Argentina and Brazil responsible for 80% of GM crops. The United States alone produced 50% of the world's GM crops in 2008.

Despite more than a decade of hype, the biotechnology industry has not introduced a single GM crop with increased yield, enhanced nutrition, drought-tolerance or salt-tolerance. In fact, the biotechnology industry's own figures show that 85% of all GM crop acreage worldwide in 2008 was planted with herbicide-tolerant crops. Herbicide-tolerant GM crops – chiefly Monsanto's Roundup Ready varieties used with Monsanto's Roundup herbicide – have increased overall use of chemical weed killers. Roundup prices in the U.S. have more than doubled in the past two years.

Meanwhile, biotech propaganda has obscured the huge potential of low-cost agroecological and organic techniques to increase food production and alleviate hunger in developing countries. The report mentions several such projects, such as push-pull maize farming, practiced by 10,000 farmers in east Africa. The enormously successful push-pull system controls weed and insect pests without chemicals, increases maize production, and raises the income of smallholder farmers.

The report 'Who benefits from GM crops 2009' is available online at:

http://www.foei.org/en/publications/pdfs/gmcrops2009full.pdf

An executive summary is online at: http://www.foei.org/en/publications/pdfs/gmcrops2009exec.pdf

The Center for Food Safety is national, non-profit, membership organization founded in 1997 to protect human health and the environment by curbing the use of harmful food production technologies and by promoting organic and other forms of sustainable agriculture. On the web at: http://www.centerforfoodsafety.org

Friends of the Earth International is the world's largest grassroots environmental network, with 77 national member groups, some 5,000 local activist groups on every continent, and over 2 million members and supporters around the world. www.foei.org